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Summer 2015 Proceedings
www.uscg.mil/proceedings
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awareness by encouraging them to look out the
window more often to obtain what they need
most — confrmation of what their electronics
are giving them with what they can see with
their own eyes.
However, due to the challenges presented in
producing a suitable display technology, a
large, fxed maritime HUD will most likely not
be seen on the bridge of the average commer-
cial ship in the very near future, no matter how
desirable it might be. But wearable immersive
augmented reality marine navigation may not
be so very far away. The fact that many quite
sophisticated devices, such as Google Glass,
already exist today at quite reasonable cost is
very encouraging. It still remains to be seen whether these
small WIAR units can be made into effective marine naviga-
tion tools. But we should not have to wait long for an answer.
About the authors:
Captain Sam Pecota is a 1980 graduate of the United States Merchant
Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York, and spent 20 years at sea. He
obtained his unlimited master mariner's license in 1984, served as master of
a hopper dredge from 1989 to 2000, and joined the faculty at the California
Maritime Academy as a lecturer in 2001. He received an M.A. in trans-
portation management from American Military University in 2005, and is
the author of the textbook Radar Observer Manual. He currently serves as
director of simulation, professor of Marine Transportation, and relief master
of the Training Ship Golden Bear.
Martha Grabowski, Ph.D., is the McDevitt Distinguished Professor in
Information Systems at Le Moyne College and research professor in the
department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Rensselaer Polytech-
nic Institute. She is a former merchant offcer and retired LCDR in the U.S.
Naval Reserve. She received a B.S. in marine transportation/nautical sci-
ence from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, and an M.B.A., an M.S.
in industrial engineering, and a Ph.D. in management/information systems
from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Eric Holder, Ph.D., is a human factors scientist working at the Fraunhofer
Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics,
where he develops and conducts human factors research projects. He is a
leading expert in the design of computer-aided navigation displays and way-
fnding tools.
WIAR study tool — Cal Maritime full mission simulator. Photo courtesy of S. Pecota, California
Maritime.